Environmental Health Essay

Overcrowding Overcrowding in ho commits jackpot arise from several causes, and the sensible and mental effects on people living in overcrowded conditions understructure be quite severe. Overcrowding poses severe direct and indirect health risks to only segments of the tribe, particularly the elderly, young children, and the disabled. Overcrowding leads in insufficient ventilation in homes, make or exacerbating respiratory illness. Susceptibility to disease, the severity of diseases, the spreading of illness, and the death rate due to disease all increase as a result of social and physical overcrowding.Overcrowding physically and emotionally overburdens mothers and other caregivers, increasing health risks of dependents. Lack of space and overcrowding directly impacts on the physical development and psychological wellbeing of disabled residents. Children living in overcrowded and unfit conditions are to a greater extent likely to experience respiratory problems such as coughing and unhealthy and wheezing. For umpteen children this means losing sleep, restricted physical activity, and missing school.Effects of overcrowding imply meningitis, tuberculosis, heart disease, stomach bathroomcer, respiratory disease. Children in overcrowded ho apply are up to 10 times more likely to contract meningitis than children in general. Meningitis can be life threatening. Long-term effects of the disease implicate deafness, sightlessness and behavioural problems. Children in unfit and overcrowded homes miss school more oft due to illnesses and infections. Overcrowding is linked to delayed cognitive development, and homelessness to delayed development in communication skills.Urbanization Movement of people from rural to urban areas with universe of discourse growth equating to urban migration. It is a double edged vane as on one hand it provides people with varied opportunities and electron orbit for economic development and on the other hand it exposes co mmunity to overbold threats. Unplanned urban growth is associated with surroundingsal degradation meaning that population demands that go beyond the environmental service capacity, such as drink water, sanitation, and waste disposal and treatment.Rapid growth of urban centres has led to inferior housing on marginal land and overcrowding. Outbreaks of diseases transmitted through respiratory and faeco-oral route due to population density. It exacerbates health risks related to insufficient and distressing water supply and poor sanitation systems. Lack of privacy lead story to depression, anxiety, stress etc. Due to the numbers of motorized vehicles and industries in the cities of the develop world Problems of noise and air pollution arise. Air pollution can affect our health in many ways with both short-run and long-term effects.Short-term air pollution can aggravate medical examination conditions like asthma and emphysema. Long-term health effects can include chronic respir atory disease, lung cancer, heart disease, and even damage to other alert organs. Water pollution Water pollution can come from a number of unlike sources. If the pollution comes from a hit source, such as an crude spill, it is called point-source pollution. If the pollution comes from many sources, it is called nonpoint-source pollution. Most types of pollution affect the agile area surrounding the source.Sometimes the pollution may affect the environment hundreds of miles away from the source, such as nuclear waste, this is called trans boundary pollution. Industrial and artless work involves the use of many different chemicals that can run-off into water and stain it. Metals and solvents from industrial work can pollute rivers and lakes. These are poisonous to many forms of aquatic life and may slow their development, make them infertile or even result in death. Pesticides are used in tillage to control weeds, insects and fungi.Run-offs of these pesticides can cause water pollution and poison aquatic life. Subsequently, birds, humans and other animals may be poisoned if they eat infected fish. anoint is another form of chemical pollutant that usually contaminates water through anoint spills when a ship ruptures. Oil spills usually have only a localized effect on wildlife but can spread for miles. The oil cancause the death of many fish and stick to the feathers of seabirds causing them to lose the top executive to fly.Industry is a huge source of water pollution, it produces pollutants that are highly pernicious to people and the environment. Many industrial facilities use freshwater to claim away waste from the plant and into rivers, lakes and oceans. Pollutants from industrial sources include ? Asbestos This pollutant is a serious health hazard and carcinogenic. Asbestos fibres can be inhaled and cause illnesses such as asbestosis, mesothelioma, lung cancer, intestinal cancer and liver cancer. ?Lead This is a metallic grammatical constitue nt and can cause health and environmental problems. It is a non-biodegradable substance so is hard to clean up once the environment is contaminated.Lead is pestiferous to the health of many animals, including humans, as it can inhibit the action of bodied enzymes. ?Mercury This is a metallic element and can cause health and environmental problems. It is a non-biodegradable substance so is hard to clean up once the environment is contaminated. Mercury is also noxious to animal health as it can cause illness through mercury poisoning. ?Nitrates The change magnitude use of fertilisers means that nitrates are more frequently being water-washed from the soil and into rivers and lakes.This can cause eutrophication, which can be very moot to shipboard soldier environments. ?Phosphates The increased use of fertilisers means that phosphates are more often being washed from the soil and into rivers and lakes. This can cause eutrophication, which can be very problematic to ocean envi ronments. ?Sulphur This is a non-metallic substance that is harmful for marine life. ?Oils Oil does not dissolve in water, instead it forms a thick layer on the water surface. This can stop marine plants receiving enough light for photosynthesis.It is also harmful for fish and marine birds. ?Petrochemicals This is create from ordnance or petrol and can be toxic to marine life. Carbon footprint Man-made mood change, or global warming, is caused by the release of certain types of gas into the atmosphere. The dominant man-made greenhouse gas is nose candy dioxide (CO2), which is emitted whenever we burn fossil fuels in homes, factories or power stations. however other greenhouse gases are also alpha. Methane (CH4), for example, which is emitted mainly by agriculture and landfill sites, is 25 times more potent per kilogram than CO2.Even more potent but emitted in smaller quantities are nitrous oxide (N2O), which is active 300 times more potent than carbon dioxide and released m ainly from industrial processes and farming, and refrigerant gases, which are typically several thousand times more potent than CO2. In the UK, the total impact on the climate breaks shore like this carbon dioxide (86%), methane (7%), nitrous oxide (6%) and refrigerant gases (1%). Given that a single item or activity can cause multiple different greenhouse gases to be emitted, each in different quantities, a carbon footprint if written out in full could get fairly confusing.To avoid this, the convention is to express a carbon footprint in terms of carbon dioxide equivalent or CO2e. This means the total climate change impact of all the greenhouse gases caused by an item or activity rolled into one and expressed in terms of the sum of carbon dioxide that would have the same impact. Loss of biodiversity Human activities are creditworthy for most of the loss in biodiversity throughout the world. With an increasing population, we are consume more and more natural resources.. We do th is by driving more, using more energy in our homes, and buying many more products than we need.Biodiversity is important since it provides us with raw materials that we use to make products such as clothes, enclothe and paper. And although we use many natural products and materials in our daily lives, we also use many human-made chemicalscleaners, fertilizers, bug spray, pesticides, and many others. Even though we use them to athletic supporter us, they have many side effects. Toxins and pollution are very harmful to biodiversity. The chemicals that we use end up in our waterways. Plants and animals are killed by oil spills. Wildlife gets caught in plastic trash.